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Longevity & mitochondrial

SLU-PP-332

Also called SLU-PP332, (E)-4-hydroxy-N′-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide, ERR agonist, "exercise mimetic"

SLU-PP-332 is a lab-made small molecule (not a peptide) that switches on estrogen-related receptors, proteins that help muscles build mitochondria and burn fat. It is called an "exercise mimetic" because mice given it ran farther and lost fat without extra exercise. It has never been tested in people.

Preclinical onlyStudied in cells or animals only. Effects in people are unknown.

All printable flashcards

Illustration only. SLU-PP-332 is not a peptide.

Overview

SLU-PP-332 is a lab-made small molecule (not a peptide) that switches on estrogen-related receptors, proteins that help muscles build mitochondria and burn fat. It is called an "exercise mimetic" because mice given it ran farther and lost fat without extra exercise. It has never been tested in people.

How it works

Proposed, based on cell and mouse studies: SLU-PP-332 activates all three estrogen-related receptors (ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ), most strongly ERRα. Despite the name, these receptors do not bind estrogen; they control genes for mitochondria and energy use. In mouse muscle, the compound turned on an exercise-like gene program, increased mitochondria and oxidative (type IIa) muscle fibers, and shifted the body toward burning fat. The endurance benefit was lost in mice lacking muscle ERRα, suggesting ERRα is required.

What research shows

  • Mouse study (ACS Chem Biol 2023): 50 mg/kg injected twice daily for about a week made mice run about 70% longer and 45% farther; muscles had more mitochondria and more oxidative fibers. The effect required muscle ERRα.
  • Obese mouse study (JPET 2024): 28 days of treatment cut body weight about 12% in diet-induced obese mice, nearly prevented fat gain (under 0.5 g vs about 5 g), and improved glucose tolerance and fasting insulin; ob/ob mice tolerated twice-daily injections poorly.
  • Aged mouse study (Am J Pathol 2023): ERR agonism reversed age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the kidney.
  • No human studies of any kind have been published.

Doses studied in people

No published human dosing data; all doses in the literature are injected mouse doses (e.g., 50 mg/kg twice daily), and oral products sold online have no tested human dose.

Read this first: these are the amounts given to participants in published studies or written on official prescribing labels, reported for reference. They are not recommendations. Trial doses were chosen for specific patients under medical supervision, and a dose that is safe in one person can be harmful in another.

Weekly protocol

How the schedule looks week by week. Each chart says where it comes from: a prescribing label, a clinical trial, or a protocol commonly reported online.

PeptideDosages.com protocol (from mouse studies)

Commonly reported, not studied

One week

D1D2D3D4D5D6D7

Twice daily · Subcutaneous injection

Syringe units (U-100)

Dose by week

625 mcg per injection (1,250 mcg/day)wk 1–2
1,250 mcg per injection (2,500 mcg/day)wk 3–8

Supplies for one course (estimate)

Counts only. This site does not sell or link to supplies.

Course
8 weeks
Note
Derived from mouse studies that used injections into the abdomen; the source says no human trials exist and the subcutaneous route is not validated.
Source
PeptideDosages.com: SLU-PP-332 (5 mg vial) dosage protocol

Reference only, not a recommendation. Charts marked "commonly reported" describe what public sources say people use. They have not been tested in trials, and their safety and effect are unknown. Label and trial schedules were set for specific patients under medical supervision. Use the calculator only to understand the arithmetic.

Safety

  • No human safety data exist.
  • In mice, the JPET study reported minor changes in cholesterol and liver enzymes in chow-fed mice and poor tolerance of twice-daily injections in ob/ob mice; no formal toxicology study has been published.
  • Products marketed online are unapproved research chemicals with uncontrolled identity and purity.
  • Unknown long-term safety.

Report side effects of any drug or product to the FDA through MedWatch. For a possible poisoning in the US, call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222.

History

Developed by Thomas Burris's group with collaborators at Saint Louis University, Washington University and other institutions. A 2023 ACS Chemical Biology paper described it as an ERR pan-agonist that boosted exercise endurance in mice. A 2024 JPET paper reported reduced fat gain and better glucose control in obese mice, and a 2023 study reported improved kidney mitochondria in aged mice. Some authors hold stock in companies developing ERR agonists. WADA added SLU-PP-332 by name to the 2027 Prohibited List (effective January 1, 2027).

Common questions

Has SLU-PP-332 been tested in humans?

No. All published research is in cells and mice 123.

What does the animal research show?

Mice given SLU-PP-332 ran about 70% longer and 45% farther 1, and obese mice gained far less fat and had better blood sugar control 2.

Is SLU-PP-332 banned in sport?

Yes. As an unapproved substance it falls under WADA's S0 class, and from January 1, 2027 it is named under S4 metabolic modulators 56.

Is SLU-PP-332 safe?

Its safety in people is unknown; the only data come from short mouse studies 2.

Related compounds

Longevity & mitochondrialLate-stage trialsFlashcard

AICAR (acadesine)

acadesine · AICA riboside

AICAR is a small molecule (a nucleoside, not a peptide) that tricks cells into acting as if they are low on energy, switching on an enzyme called AMPK.

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MOTS-c

mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c · MOTSc

MOTS-c is a small peptide made from instructions in mitochondrial DNA, the cell's 'power plant' genes.

Longevity & mitochondrialFDA-approvedFlashcard

SS-31 (elamipretide)

elamipretide · Forzinity

SS-31, now called elamipretide, is a small lab-made peptide that travels to the mitochondria, the cell's power plants.

Longevity & mitochondrialEarly human dataFlashcard

NAD+

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide · β-NAD

NAD+ is not a peptide but a small helper molecule that every cell uses to make energy and repair DNA.

Sources

  1. Billon C et al. Synthetic ERRα/β/γ agonist induces an ERRα-dependent acute aerobic exercise response and enhances exercise capacity. ACS Chem Biol 2023;18(4):756–771 Journal
  2. Billon C et al. A synthetic ERR agonist alleviates metabolic syndrome. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024;388(2):232–240 Journal
  3. Estrogen-related receptor agonism reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the aging kidney. Am J Pathol 2023 Journal
  4. FDA: Bulk drug substances nominated for use in compounding under section 503A (updated May 14, 2026) Regulatory
  5. WADA Prohibited List Regulatory
  6. USADA Athlete Advisory: What's new on the 2027 WADA Prohibited List Regulatory

Last reviewed 2026-10-26 · How we research · Found an error? See our corrections policy.